Civilizations

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Below you will find a list of all civilizations and leaders in Vox Populi, as well as their unique abilities, improvements, units, and buildings.

Civilization	Leader	Starting Biases	Unique Ability	Unique Unit	Unique Building/Improvement
American	George Washington	Forest	Manifest Destiny All Land Military Units begin with the Sentry Promotion (+1 Sight). 25% discount when purchasing tiles, resets upon founding a City. Tile purchases grant +20 Production, scaling with Era. Can purchase tiles already owned by other Civilizations, though at a much higher Gold cost than normal.	Minuteman, replaces the Musketman. Special traits: Has more Combat Strength (23 vs. 22) and Ranged Combat Strength (31 vs. 30). Obsoletes at Ballistics rather than Dynamite. Special abilities: Starts with a promotion ignores terrain movement costs. Starts with an additional promotion that allows this Unit earn Golden Age Points when destroying enemy units. The amount of Golden Age Points earned is based on either the Combat Strength or Ranged Combat Strength of the defeated Unit. Starts with the Accuracy I promotion.	Independence Hall, replaces the National Wonder known as the Hermitage. Special traits: Culture cost of adopting new Policies reduced by 5%. Unlocks access to the Hoover Dam, West Point, and Smithsonian Institute in the Modern Era. Contains 2 Slots for Great Works of Art or Artifacts (rather than 3 slots) +3 Culture and +3 Gold if Themed (rather than +4 Culture and +4 Gold). Does not require an Opera House in this City. Common traits: Provides 2 Culture. +1 for every 4 Citizens in they City. Further +10% Culture in the City . -1 Unhappiness from Boredom in all Cities.The Production cost and Population requirements increase based on the number of Cities you own.
Arabian	Harun al-Rashid	Desert	One Thousand and One Nights When you complete a Historic Event, your Capital gains +1 Science and Culture. In addition, you also gain 15% towards the progress of a random Great Person.	Camel Archer, replaces the Heavy Skirmisher. Special traits: Has more Combat Strength (17 vs. 15) and Ranged Combat Strength (19 vs. 18). Does not require Horses. Obsoletes at Military Science rather than Metallurgy. Special abilities: Starts with the Splash Damage (deals 5 Damage to all enemy Units adjacent to the targeted Unit) promotion. Starts with the Withdraw Before Melee promotion.	Bazaar, replaces the Market. Special traits: Provides 3 Gold, 2 Faith, and 2 Science. When any Trade Route originating here and targeting another Civilization is completed, receive a Tourism boost with that Civilization based on your recent Culture and Tourism output. Increases the Range of this City's Land Trade Routes by 50%. Common traits: Incoming Trade Routes generate +1 Gold for this City and +1 Gold for the Trade Route owner. Internal Trade Routes to or from this City generate 25 Food in their Origin City when completed, scaling with Era. Has 1 Merchant Specialist slot. +1 Food and +1 Production from nearby Spices in addition to +1 Food and +1 Gold to Sugar Tiles worked by this City.
Assyrian	Ashurbanipal	River and Avoid Tundra	Treasures of Nineveh When you conquer a City, gain either a Technology already known by the owner and not you or, if impossible, a large Science boost. All Great Works produce +3 Science.	Siege Tower. Unique support Unit. Does not replace any existing Unit. Only Assyria may build it. Is incapable of either attacking or defending. Has 4 Movement points. When the Siege Tower is adjacent to a City, other Units you own that are two tiles away from the Siege Tower gain +40%  Combat Strength versus Cities. When the Siege Tower itself is two tiles away from a City, other Units you own that are two tiles away from the Siege Tower gain +20% Combat Strength versus Cities. These bonuses do not stack. Starts with the Medic I and Medic II promotions. Starts with an Extra Sight promotion. Is available at Military Theory and obsoletes at Gunpowder. Cannot be Upgraded. May only have two Siege Towers active at a time.	Royal Library, replaces the National Wonder known as the School of Philosophy. Special traits: Provides more Culture (3 up from 1), but less Great Scientist Points (1 down from 2). Every Great Work of Writing you control grants +5 XP to Units created in any City you own (up to a maximum of +45 XP). Has more slots for Great Works of Writing (3 up from 1), and comes with "The Flood Tablet" Great Work. +1 Science for every 2 Citizens in this City, and all Libraries in every City you own produce +3 Science. +3 Production and +3 Science if Themed. Provides a free Library, rather than requiring one in order to be built as is the case for the original School of Philosophy. Is available earlier than the School of Philosophy which it replaces, arriving at Writing rather than Philosophy. Common traits: Provides 5 Science. +20% Science in this City during Golden Ages. 1 Specialist in this City no longer creates Unhappiness from Urbanization. The Production cost and Population requirements increase based on the number of Cities you own.
Austrian	Maria Theresa	No Starting Bias	Habsburg Diplomacy +50% rewards from City-State Quests. Can use Gold to arrange Marriages with Allied City-States. While at peace with the City-State, Marriages eliminate Influence decay, grant an additional World Congress Delegate, and provide a +15% Great Person Rate boost in the Capital.	Hussar, replaces the Curaissier. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (25 vs. 23) but lower Ranged Combat Strength (26 vs. 27). Obsoletes at Mobile Tactics rather than Military Science. Special abilities: Starts with the Lightning Warfare (this Unit receives a +15%  Combat boost when attacking, +1 Movement, and the ability to ignore enemy Zones of Control) promotion. Starts with an Extra Sight promotion. This promotion is lost on Upgrade.	Coffee House, replaces the Grocer. Special traits: Provides 3 Food (up from 1). +33% Great Person Rate in this City. 10% of the Culture output of this City is converted into Science every turn. Has 1 Merchant Specialist slot. Common traits: 15% of Food is carried over after a new Citizen is born in this City (effect stacks with the Aqueduct). Nearby Tobacco provides +3 Gold, Coffee +1 Gold and +2 Production, Bananas +2 Gold, and Tea +2 Gold and +1 Production. -1 Unhappiness from Poverty. Requires an Aqueduct in this City. Costs 4 Maintenance.
Aztec	Montezuma	Jungle	Sacrificial Captives Receive Gold and Faith for each enemy Unit you kill (the amount of Gold and Faith earned is equal to 150% of either the defeated enemy Unit's  Combat Strength or Ranged Combat Strength). When you complete a favorable Peace Treaty (War Score of 25+), a Golden Age begins.	Jaguar, replaces the Warrior. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (10 vs. 8). Obsoletes at Steel rather than Bronze Working. Special abilities: Starts with a promotion that grants this Unit a +33%  Combat Strength boost when battling in Jungles or Forests. Starts with a promotion that heals this Unit 25 HP when it kills an enemy Unit. Starts with the Woodsman promotion.	Floating Gardens, replaces the Water Mill. Special traits: Provides 3 Food (up from 2) and 2 Culture. +1 Food and +1 Production for every 4 Citizens in this City, and 10% Food in this City during Golden Ages. Each Lake Tile worked by this City provides +2 Food, and nearby River Tiles produce +1 Food. Common traits: Provides 3 Production. Requires this City to be adjacent to a Lake. Costs 1 Maintenance.
Babylonian	Nebuchadnezzar II	River and Avoid Tundra	Ingenuity Receive a free Great Scientist when you discover Writing. Great Scientists are earned 50% faster than normal. Gold investments in Buildings reduce their Production cost by an additional 15%.	Bowman, replaces the Composite Bowman. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (12 vs. 11) and Ranged Combat Strength (13 vs. 11). Obsoletes at Metallurgy rather than Machinery. Special abilities: Starts with the Indirect Fire (-10% Ranged Combat Strength and allows ranged attacks to fire over obstacles provided that at least one friendly Unit can see the target) promotion.	Walls of Babylon, replaces the standard Walls. Special traits: Provides +1 Science. Increases the City's  Defense by 15 (up from 10) and the HP of the City by 75 (up from 50). Scientist Specialists in this City generate +2 Gold. Has 1 Scientist Specialist slot. Common traits: Increases the Ranged Strike Range of this City by 1. Increases the Military Unit Supply Cap from Population in this City by 10%. Reduces the Empire Needs Modifier by 5% in this City. Costs 1 Maintenance.
Brazilian	Pedro II	Jungle	Carnival When a Golden Age begins, 40% of your Civilizations Golden Age Points are converted into Gold and Tourism, and your Cities gain ten turns of Carnival. +25% Culture and -50% Unhappiness from needs in your Cities during Carnival.	Bandeirantes, Replaces the Explorer. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (19 vs. 17) and Movement points (4 vs. 3). Obsoletes at Rocketry rather than Steam Power. Special abilities: Starts with the Flag Bearers promotion, which will grant your nearest owned City Gold, Science, and Culture whenever you reveal tiles with this Unit. Starts with the Survivalism III promotion. Can build Mines, Quarries, Brazilwood Camps, and Forts in owned territory as if it were a standard Worker. Starts with all of the promotions that the standard Explorer has, however it does not have the Embarkation with Defense (can Embark onto Water Tiles and this Unit defends at double strength while Embarked) promotion.	Brazilwood Camp. Unique Improvement. Only Brazil may build it. Can only be built on Jungle or Forest Tiles that are next to a Luxury Resource and cannot be adjacent to another Brazilwood Camp. Provides 1 Brazilwood, a Luxury Resource unique to Brazil. Provides a base +1 Gold to the tile it is built on. The Acoustics, Radio, and Physics Technologies all provide the Brazilwood Camp +2 Culture. Unlocks at Calendar. Brazilwood: Luxury Resource. Can only acquired by building Brazilwood Camps. Provides a base +1 Gold. The monopoly bonus for Brazilwood grants +2 Culture to all Resource Tiles. The Hexxon Refineries Corporation grants an additional +1 Production to the Brazilwood Luxury Resource.
Byzantine	Theodora	No Starting Bias	Patriarchate of Constantinople Is always eligible to found a Religion, and receives an additional Belief when founding a Religion. Is also allowed to choose Beliefs already present in other Religions. -15% Faith purchase costs, and may purchase unlocked Great People with Faith as early as the Classical Era.	Cataphract, replaces the Knight. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (28 vs. 24). Has less Movement points (3 vs. 4). Obsoletes at Combustion rather than Metallurgy. Special abilities: Starts with a promotion which allows this Unit to benefit from Defensive Terrain bonuses. Starts with a promotion that grants this Unit a +30% Offensive and Defensive  Combat boost when on Open Terrain. Starts with the Cover I promotion. Has a promotion which grants this Unit slightly smaller of a Damage Penalty vs. Cities (-25% as opposed to the standard -33%). This promotion is lost on Upgrade.	Basilica, replaces the Temple. Special traits: Provides 2 Culture. +1 Faith for every 3 Citizens. Doubles Religious Pressure generated by Trade Routes. Common traits: Provides 3 Faith. Generates +25% Religious Pressure. Contains 1 Great Work of Music slot. Provides +1 Culture and +1 Gold to all Incense, Wine, and Amber Tiles worked by this City. -1 Unhappiness from Religious Unrest. Costs 1 maintenance.
Carthaginian	Dido	Coastal	Phoenician Heritage +125 Gold when founding Cities, scaling with Era. All owned Coastal Cities receive a free Lighthouse. The Trade Route Resource Diversity modifier is either doubled if the value is positive or halved if negative.	Quinquereme, replaces the Trireme. Special traits: Is available earlier, arriving at Fishing rather than Sailing. Is slightly cheaper, costing only 80 Production as opposed to 90. Obsoletes at Astronomy rather than Compass. Special abilities: Starts with the Reconnaissance (gains experience from revealing tiles) promotion. Starts with the Heavy Assault (Receives a +25% Offensive Combat bonus when attacking and an additional +25% Offensive  Combat bonus versus Cities) promotion. This promotion is lost on Upgrade.	Great Cothon, replaces the National Wonder known as the East India Company. Special traits: Grants two additional Trade Routes. Incoming Trade Routes generate more Gold for this City (+5 up from +4) as well as more Gold for the Trade Route owner (+3 up from +2). The Resource Diversity Modifier for Trade Routes from this City is either increased by 25% if the modifier is positive or decreased by 25% if negative. All Harbors in every City you own gain +3 Production and all of your Lighthouses gain +2 Culture. Requires a Market as opposed to a Customs House in this City. Is available earlier than the East India Company National Wonder which it replaces, unlocking at Currency as opposed to Guilds. Common traits: Provides a free copy of all Luxury Resources around this City. -1 Unhappiness from Poverty. The Production cost and Population requirements increase based on the number of Cities you own.
Celtic	Boudicca	No Starting Bias	Druidic Lore Has a unique set of Pantheon Beliefs that no one else can benefit from. Owned Cities with your Religion generate nor receive foreign Religious Pressure. +3 Faith in all the Cities you own where your Religion is the majority.	Pictish Warrior, replaces the Spearman. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (13 vs. 11). Is available earlier, arriving at Mining rather than Bronze Working. Obsoletes at Gunpowder rather than Steel. Special abilities: Starts with a promotion that grants this Unit double Movement points and +25%  Defense in Hills, Snow, and Tundra (if Forests or Jungle are not present). Has a promotion which lets this Unit Pillage enemy Improvements at no additional Movement cost. When this Unit kills an enemy Unit, your Civilization earns 200% of either the defeated opponents'  Combat Strength or Ranged Combat Strength as Faith. No Formation I Promotion.	Ceilidh Hall, replaces the Circus. Special traits: Provides 4 Culture and 2 Faith. Grants 15 turns of 'We Love the King Day' in this City when completed (up from 10 turns). Contains 1 Great Work of Music slot. Has 1 Musician Specialist slot. Common traits: Provides 1 Happiness. Grants a modest sum of Culture when completed. Nearby Ivory provides +3 Culture. -1 Unhappiness from Boredom. Requires an Arena in this City. Costs 2 Maintenance.
Chinese	Wu Zetian	River	Mandate of Heaven Creating Great Works or gaining Cities grants +1 Food and +1 Gold in all of your Cities. In addition, "We Love the Empress Day" begins in all of your Cities. These bonuses decline by 50% every Era. "We Love the Empress Day" provides a bonus +10% Food.	Chu-Ko-Nu, replaces the Crossbowman. Special traits: Has higher Ranged Combat Strength (20 vs 19). Obsoletes at Dynamite rather than Metallurgy. Special abilities: Starts with the Siege Volleys Promotion (+25% when adj. or in a City. Deals 5 damage to Enemy Units adj to targeted Unit (within in Range)).	Paper Maker, replaces the Library. Special traits: Provides 1 Culture. +1 Gold for every 4 Citizens in this City. +10% Gold generated in this City during "We Love the Empress Day". Common traits: Provides 2 Science. Has 1 Scientist specialist slot. -1 Unhappiness from Illiteracy. Requires a Council in this City. Costs 1 Maintenance.
Danish	Harald Bluetooth	Coastal	Viking Fury Embarked Units have +1 Movement points and pay just 1 Movement point to Disembark. All Melee Land Units gain the Viking promotion, and all Melee Naval Units gain the Longboat promotion. Viking promotion: Has no Movement point cost to Pillage tiles. +25% Combat Strength when on Pillaged Tiles. +5 HP when healing in Neutral Territory. Longboat promotion: Has no Movement point cost to Pillage tiles. +15%  Combat Strength when attacking or defending on Coastal Tiles. Recovers HP twice as fast when healing on Coastal Tiles.	Berserker, replaces the Longswordsman. Special traits: Has more Movement points (3 vs. 2). Is available earlier, unlocking at Metal Casting rather than Steel. Has less (20 vs 22). Is slightly cheaper, costing only 140 Production or 200 Faith as opposed to 160 Production or 300 Faith. Obsoletes at Rifling rather than Gunpowder. Special abilities: Starts with the Amphibious and Charge I promotions.	Runestone, replaces the Lighthouse. Special traits: Provides 2 Culture. When a Unit that was created by this City Pillages a tile (excluding Roads and Railroads), gain 30 Gold and Culture in this City, scaling with Era. +25% Production towards Land and Naval Melee Units. +2 Food to Coast and Ocean Tiles (up from +1). This City does not have to be on a Coastal Tile in order for a Runestone to be built in it, unlike the Lighthouse which the Runestone replaces. Common traits: Forms a City Connection with other Cities via water provided that they also have Lighthouses (Runestones). +1 Gold from Coastal and Ocean Tiles. Costs 1 Maintenance.
Dutch	William	Coastal, River, and Grassland	Dutch East India Company +3 Culture and Gold for each different Luxury Resource you import or export from/to other Civilizations and City-States, scaling with Era. Can import duplicate Resources, and Major Civilization imports count towards Monopolies.	Sea Beggar, replaces the Corvette. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (42 vs. 40). Available at Astronomy rather than Navigation. Obsoletes at Rocketry rather than Industrialization. Special abilities: Starts with the Vanguard (+100%  Combat Strength vs. Cities and Damage taken from Cities is reduced by 50%) promotion. Starts with the Prize Ships (defeated enemy Naval Units may join your side) promotion. Starts with the Supply (can heal outside Friendly Territory and +5 HP on heal) promotion.	Polder. Unique Improvement. Only the Dutch may build it. Can only be built on Flood Plains, Marshes, and tiles with access to Fresh Water. +3 Food, +2 Gold, and +1 Production. +1 Gold for each adjacent Village or Town (Colonia). +1 Production and +2 Gold at Economics, and +1 Culture at Chemistry. Unlocks at Guilds.
Egyptian	Ramesses II	Desert, River, and Avoid Forest/Jungle	Monument Builders +20% Production towards constructing Wonders, increasing to +40% during Golden Ages. Artifacts provide +5 Science and Culture, and Landmarks gain +5 Gold and Tourism.	War Chariot, replaces the Chariot Archer. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (9 vs. 8 ). Has more Movement points (5 vs. 4). Does not require Horses. Obsoletes at Physics rather than Mathematics. Special abilities: Starts with the Gift of the Pharaoh (when this Unit defeats an enemy Unit, receive a specific amount of Production in your Capital based on either the Combat Strength or Ranged Combat Strength of the defeated Unit) promotion.	Burial Tomb, replaces the Caravansary. Special traits: Provides 1 Faith. Contains 1 Great Work of Art or Artifact slot. Receive a free unique Egyptian Artifact when constructed. +1 Gold and +1 Food for every 2 Tundra or Desert Tiles worked by this City (up from +1 of the same Yields for every 3 Dessert Tiles worked by this City). Common traits: Provides 1 Gold. External Land based Trade Routes gain +3 Gold. When any Land Trade Route originating here and targeting another Civilization is completed, receive a Tourism boost with that Civilization based on your recent Culture and Tourism output. Increases the Range of this City's Land Trade Routes by 50%. Merchant Specialists in this City generate +1 Gold. Truffles worked by this City provide +2 Gold, Cotton +1 Production and +1 Culture, and Furs +1 Gold and +1 Production.
English	Elizabeth	Coastal	Perfidious Albion All Naval and Embarked Units have +1 Movement. Naval Unit Gold maintenance is reduced by 25%. Foreign Spies operate 25% slower in owned Cities. Your Spies are faster and operate at one Rank higher than normal. Starts the game with a Spy.	Ship of the Line, replaces the Frigate. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (28 vs. 25) and Ranged Combat Strength (38 vs. 35). Obsoletes at Electronics rather than Dynamite. Special abilities: Starts with the Indomitable (+25% when Defending. Immune to Boarding effects) promotion. Starts with an Extra Sight promotion. This promotion is lost on Upgrade.	White Tower, replaces the National Wonder known as the National Intelligence Agency. Special traits: Provides 2 Culture and increases the City's  Defense by 15. Contains 1 Great Work of Art or Artifact slot. Provides "The Crown Jewels" Great Work of Art for free. Receive +100 Science and Gold (down from 400) when you steal a Great Work or Technology, complete a City-State coup or Election Rigging, or kill a foreign Spy in this City. Also gain +25 / for Advanced Actions (down from 100). All of these bonuses scale with Era. All Constabularies, Castles, and Armories in every City you own each gain +3 Culture. Does not require a Police Station in this City. Available much earlier than the National Intelligence Agency National Wonder which it replaces, unlocking at Machinery rather than Computers. Requires a base nation wide Population of 35 or greater in order to be built (down from 60). Common traits: Slows enemy Spy effectiveness by 15%. Provides an additional Spy. Levels up all existing Spies. Owned Spies are much more likely to assassinate Great People via Advanced Actions. Reduces the Unhappiness Needs Modifier for / Distress by 10% in all Cities. The Production cost and Population Requirements increase based on the number of Cities you own.
Ethiopian	Haile Selassie	No Starting Bias	Solomonic Wisdom When you complete a Policy Branch, adopt a Belief, or choose your first Ideology, receive a free Technology.	Mehal Sefari, replaces the Fusilier. Common traits: Has more  Combat Strength (42 vs. 38). Is slightly cheaper to produce than the Fusilier which it replaces (costing 600 Production down from 625). Obsoletes at Combined Arms rather than Replaceable Parts. Special abilities: Starts with the Homeland Guardian (this Unit receives a +25%  Combat boost when fighting in Ethiopian Territory) promotion. Starts with a promotion that gives this Unit an additional Defensive  Combat bonus when fighting near the Capital. The effectiveness of this promotion degrades the further away from the Capital the Unit in question is.	Stele, replaces the Monument. Special traits: Provides 2 Faith. +25% Faith during Golden Ages. Common traits: Provides 2 Culture. The Culture costs of acquiring new tiles is reduced by 25% in this City.
French	Napoleon Bonaparte	No Starting Bias	Esprit de Corps +10% Damage for each subsequent attack against a single target during a turn. When you conquer a City, gain Great Artist, Writer, and Musician Points Points in your Capital and a temporary boost to Culture and Production in all Cities.	Musketeer, replaces the Tercio. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (30 vs. 25). Costs slightly more Production than the Tercio which it replaces (325 up from 300). Obsoletes at Replaceable Parts rather than Rifling. Special Abilities: Starts with the Lightning Warfare (this Unit receives a +15%  Combat boost when attacking, +1 Movement, and the ability to ignore enemy Zones of Control) promotion.	Chateau. Unique Improvement. Only the French may build it. Must be built next to a Luxury Resource and cannot be adjacent to another Chateau. +2 Culture, +3 Gold, and +3 Food. Provides the same +50%  Defense bonus to Units stationed on its tile that a standard Fort does. +1 Culture with Printing Press, +2 Gold and +2 Culture with Flight. Unlocks at Chivalry.
German	Otto Von Bismarck	No Starting Bias	Realpolitik Receive +2 Golden Age Points and Culture in your Capital for every City-State Ally or Friend. Bonuses scale with Era. For every 3 City-State Alliances, receive 1 additional Delegate in the World Congress.	Panzer, replaces the Tank. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (80 vs. 75) and Movement points (6 vs. 5). Is available earlier than the Tank which it replaces, arriving at Ballistics rather than Combined Arms. Never becomes obsolete, whereas the standard Tank obsoletes at Lasers. Special abilities: Starts with the Armor Plating II (receives a +25% Defensive  Combat boost when defending) promotions.	Hanse, replaces the Customs House. Special traits: Provides 3 Culture (up from 2) and 5 Gold. All Cities with a Hanse receive +4% Production for each City-State Trade Route in your Civilization. 10% of this City's Gold output is added to the City's Science every turn. Common traits: When any Trade Route originating here and targeting another Civilization is completed, receive a Tourism boost with that Civilization based on your recent Culture output. Incoming Trade Routes generate +2 Gold for this City and +2 Gold for the Trade Route owner. Has 1 Merchant Specialist slot. -1 Unhappiness from Poverty. Requires a Market in this City.
Greek	Alexander the Great	Coastal and Hills	Hellenic League City-State Influence degrades at half and recovers at twice the normal rate. Each Friendly or Allied City-State boosts the  Strength of owned and allied Units by 5% (up to a maximum of +25%  Strength). All City-State Territory treats your Units as friendly Units, allowing them to gain the Friendly Territory healing bonus within the borders of any City-State even if the one in question is at war with you.	Hoplite, replaces the Spearman. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (14 vs. 12). Obsoletes at Gunpowder rather than Steel. Special abilities: Starts with the Great Generals II (100% increased contribution to Great General generation) promotion. Starts with the Discipline (+5%  Combat Strength, and an additional +5%  Combat Strength when adjacent to a friendly Unit) promotion.	Acropolis, replaces the Amphitheater. Special traits: Provides 3 Culture (up from 2), 3 Tourism, and increases the City's  Defense by 10. When any of your Units defeat another Unit, gain 5 Border Growth Only Culture, scaling with Era. If a Unit that was created by this City defeats another Unit, also receive 25 Culture, scaling with Era. Common traits: +33% Great Writer Rate in this City. All Writers' Guilds produce +1 Gold. Has 2 slots for Great Works of Writing. Nearby Dye and Silk provide +1 Culture and +1 Gold, and all sources of Lapis Lazuli worked by this City provide +2 Culture. +2 Culture if Themed. Costs 1 Maintenance.
Hunnic	Atilla	Plains and Avoid Forest/Jungle	Scourge of God Friendly and enemy War Weariness is modified by 50%. Your Mounted Melee and Armor Units can capture defeated enemy Units. Your Cities claim adjacent unowned Land Tiles when they earn a tile of the same type.	Horse Archer, replaces the Skirmisher. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (13 vs. 12) and Ranged Combat Strength (13 vs. 10). Does not require Horses. Obsoletes at Metallurgy rather than Physics. Special abilities: Starts with the Accuracy I promotion.	Eki. Unique Improvement. Only the Huns may build it. Can only be built on flat Grassland or Plains Tiles without access to Fresh Water. Removes any features on the tile it is constructed on, and can be built in or adjacent to Hunnic Territory. +1 Production, +1 Food, and +1 Culture. Gains additional Production if adjacent to two other Eki. +1 Food and +1 Production at Chivalry, +1 Production at Ecology, +1 Gold at Economics, and +1 Food at Fertilizer. Unlocks at Trade.
Incan	Pachacuti	Hills	Great Andean Road Units ignore terrain costs when on Hills and may cross Mountains. Cities, Roads, and Railroads may be built on Mountains. Mountains produce Science and Food, scaling with Era.	Slinger, replaces the Archer. Special traits: Has more Ranged Combat Strength (7 vs. 6). Obsoletes at Machinery rather than Engineering. Special abilities: Starts with the Concussive Hits Promtion (Ranged Attacks by this Unit inflict -15% for 5 Turns. Ignores Zone of Control). Starts with the Withdraw Before Melee promotion.	Terrace Farm. Unique Improvement. Only the Inca may build it. Can only be built on Hills and does not require a source of Fresh Water. +1 Food and +2 Production. Each adjacent Mountain Tile grants a bonus of +1 Food to the Tarrace Farm. All adjacent Farms gain +1 Food. The Civil Service, Ecology, and Fertilizer Technologies all provide the Terrace Farm +1 Food. Unlocks at Masonry.
Indian	Gandhi	River	Font of Dharma Starts the game with a Pantheon and Great Prophets require 35% less Faith. Each Follower of your primary Religion in a City increases Religious Pressure and Growth. Cannot build Missionaries.	Naga-Malla, replaces the Cuirassier. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (25 vs. 23). Does not require Horses. Is available earlier, unlocking at Gunpowder rather than Metallurgy. Obsoletes at Combustion rather than Military Science. Special abilities: Starts with the Feared Elephant (enemy Units receive -10%  Combat Strength when adjacent to this Unit) promotion. This promotion is lost on Upgrade.	Harappan Reservoir, replaces the Aqueduct. Special traits: Provides 3 Food (up from 1) and 3 Production. 20% of Food is carried over after a new Citizen is born (up from 15%). +1 Production from nearby Flood Plains and +1 Food and +1 Production from Farms worked by this City. Common traits: +25% of the Production of this City is added to the City's current Production after City growth. +2 Production from Lakes and Oases Tiles worked by this City. -1 Unhappiness from Poverty. Costs 1 Maintenance.
Indonesian	Gajah Mada	No Starting Bias	Spice Islanders When you found or conquer a City, one of three unique Luxury Resources will appear next to or under the City. The three possible Luxury Resources that can appear are Clove, Pepper, and Nutmeg. Clove: Provides a base +1 Gold. +1 Science and +2 Food when improved. Monopoly Bonus: +6 Happiness is added to the Empire-Wide Luxury value. Pepper: Provides a base +1 Food and +1 Gold. +2 Food and +2 Gold when improved. Monopoly Bonus: +3 Food to all Resource Tiles. Nutmeg: Provides a base +2 Gold. +1 Culture and +2 Food when improved. Monopoly Bonus: +2 Production to all Resource Tiles. The Trader Sid's, Inc. Corporation grants an additional +1 Gold to the Clove, Pepper, and Nutmeg Luxury Resources.	Kris Swordsman, replaces the Swordsman. Special traits: Obsoletes at Gunpowder rather than Steel. Special abilities: Starts with the Mystic Blade (promotion is replaced with a randomly chosen unique promotion after this Unit completes its first combat) promotion. The Mystic Blade promotion allows this Unit access to the unique Ambition, Ancestral Protection, Enemy Defection, Heroism, Invulnerability, Recruitment, Restlessness, and Sneak Attack promotions.	Candi, replaces the Garden. Special traits: Provides 2 Faith and 2 Culture. A Clove, Pepper or Nutmeg Luxury Resource will appear near or under this City when built. Grants a +20% boost to the Culture and Faith output of this City during 'We Love the King Day'. Does not require an Aqueduct in this City. Costs 2 Maintenance (down from 3). Common traits: +25% Great Person Rate in this City. Oasis Tiles worked by this City provide +2 Gold. +1 Food and +1 Gold from Citrus and Cocoa worked by this City. 1 Specialist in this City no longer creates Unhappiness from Urbanization.
Iroquois	Hiawatha	Forest	The Great Warpath Units ignore terrain costs in Forests and Jungles, and these tiles establish City Connections. Land Military Units start with the Woodsman promotion, and all of your Units gain +20%  Strength if within 3 tiles of a Natural Wonder.	Mohawk Warrior, replaces the Swordsman. Special traits: Does not require Iron. Obsoletes at Gunpowder rather than Steel. Special abilities: Starts with a promotion that gives this Unit a +33% Offensive and Defensive  Combat bonus when fighting on Forest and Jungle Tiles.	Longhouse, replaces the Herbalist. Special traits: Provides 2 Food (up from 1) and 1 Culture. +1 Production and +1 Food from every Forest and Jungle Tile worked by this City (as opposed to +1 Food for every 2 Forest or Jungle Tiles worked by this City). +1 Production and +1 Food from Plantations worked by this City. Common traits: Requires a nearby, workable Forest or Jungle Tile in this City. Costs 1 Maintenance.
Japanese	Oda Nobunaga	No Starting Bias	Shogunate +1 Culture and Faith from Defense and Military Training Buildings. When a Great Admiral or Great General is born, receive Great Artist, Writer, and Musician Points in your Capital.	Samurai, replaces the Longswordsman. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (23 vs. 22). Obsoletes at Rifling rather than Gunpowder. Special abilities: Starts with the Great Generals II (100% increased contribution to Great General generation) promotion. Starts with the Quick Study (earns experience toward promotions 50% faster) promotion.	Dojo, replaces the Armory. Special traits: Provides 3 Culture and 5 Science (up from 2 Science). All Mounted, Melee, Gun, and Armor Units trained in this City gain the Eight Virtues of Bushido (promotion is replaced with a randomly chosen unique promotion after this Unit completes its first combat) promotion. This allows these Units access to the unique Benevolence, Courage, Honor, Loyalty, Respect, Righteousness, Self Control, and Sincerity promotions. When Units that were produced in this City promote, gain Culture and Science based on their current level in this City. +25 XP to all Military Units trained in this City (up from +20 XP). Increases the Military Unit Supply Cap by 2 (up from 1). Does not require a Barracks in this City. Common traits: -1 Unhappiness from / Distress. Costs 2 Maintenance.
Korean	Sejong the Great	No Starting Bias	Scholars of the Jade Hall +1 Science from all Specialists, increasing by +1 in the Medieval, Industrial, and Atomic Eras. +30% Great Person Rate during Golden Ages. Gain 50 Golden Age Points when a Great Person is born, scaling with Era.	Hwach'a, replaces the Trebuchet. Special traits: Has more (13 vs 12) Ranged Combat Strength (21 vs. 20). Obsoletes at Dynamite rather than Gunpowder. Special abilities: Starts with a somewhat different set of promotions that ultimately makes this Unit stronger against Land Units, but weaker against Cities than the standard Trebuchet which it replaces. However, the Hwach'a will regain the standard line of promotions typical of most Siege Units after being Upgraded into a Cannon. Starts with the Logistics (-30% Ranged Combat Strength and may attack twice in one turn) promotion.	Seowon, replaces the University. Special traits: Provides 2 Faith. +15% Science in this City during Golden Ages. Gain 50% of this City's Science output as an instant boost to your current Research when a Citizen is born in this City (up from 25%). +1 Science and +1 Production from Great Works in this City. Available Earlier than the University which it replaces, arriving at Philosophy rather than Education. Common traits: Provides 3 Science. +1 Science from Jungle Tiles worked by this City. Has 1 Scientist Specialist slot. City must have a Library. -1 Unhappiness from Illiteracy. Costs 2 Maintenance.
Mayan	Pacal	Jungle	The Long Count After researching Mathematics, receive a bonus Great Person at the end of every Maya Long Count calendar cycle (every 394 years). Each bonus Great Person can only be chosen once.	Atlatlist, replaces the Composite Bowman. Special traits: Is slightly cheaper, costing only 80 Production as opposed to 90. Obsoletes at Rifling rather than Machinery. Special abilities: Receives the Atlatl Strike (+50% Ranged Combat Strength versus Wounded Units) promotion. This promotion is lost on Upgrade.	Kuna. Unique Improvement. Only the Maya may build it. Can only be constructed in Forests or Jungles, and not adjacent to another Kuna. +1 Science and +2 Faith. +2 Science at Mathematics, +2 Science at Astronomy, +2 Science at Archaeology, and +2 Culture at Flight. Unlocks at Construction.
Mongolian	Genghis Khan	Plains	Mongol Terror Mounted Ranged Units (including Helicopter Gunships, Light Tanks, and other similar Units) gain +2 Movement and ignore enemy Zones of Control. +100% Tribute Yields from City-State bullying. Ignores Alliance and Protection penalties when bullying.	Khan, replaces the Great General. Special traits: Has more Movement points (5 vs. 2). Special abilities: Heals adjacent Units for an additional 10 HP per turn.	Ger, replaces the Granary. Special traits: Provides 1 Faith. The Gold and Culture cost of acquiring new tiles is reduced by 25% in this City. +1 Food from Cattle, Sheep, and Horses worked by this City. Has no Maintenance cost. Common traits: Provides 1 Food. 15% of Food is carried over after a new Citizen is born in this City. Allows Food to be moved from this City along Trade Routes inside your Civilization. +1 Food from Wheat, Bananas, Deer, and Bison worked by this City.
Moroccan	Ahmad al-Mansur	Desert	Gateway to Africa +1 to all Yields in your Capital per unique Trade Route partner, scaling with Era. Trade Route Yields to or from Moroccan Cities are not affected by distance. Can plunder Trade Units connected to unowned Cities without needing to declare war.	Berber Cavalry, replaces the Cavalry. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (34 vs. 33) and Ranged Combat Strength (42 vs. 41). Obsoletes at Mobile Tactics rather than Ballistics. Special abilities: Starts with the Homeland Guardian (this Unit receives a +25%  Combat boost when fighting in Moroccan Territory) promotion. Starts with a promotion that gives this Unit the ability to ignore Movement penalties in Rough Terrain.	Kasbah. Unique Improvement. May only be built by Morocco. Can only be constructed adjacent to an owned City. +1 Food, +2 Production, +2 Gold, and +2 Culture. +2 Gold to adjacent Fishing Boats and +1 Culture to adjacent Coastal Tiles. Provides a +30%  Defense bonus to Units stationed on its tile. Deals 5 Damage to adjacent enemy Military Units. Connects any Luxury or Strategic Resources underneath it to your trade network. +1 Culture and +1 Gold at Architecture, and +1 Culture at Radio. Unlocks at Chivalry.
Ottoman	Suleiman	Hills	Tanzimat Completing a Trade Route grants +150 Science and Food to the origin City if International, or Culture and Gold if Internal. Bonuses scale with Era.	Janissary, replaces the Musketman. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (24 vs. 22) and Ranged Combat Strength (31 vs. 30). Is available earlier, unlocking at Gunpowder rather than Metallurgy. Obsoletes at Ballistics rather than Dynamite. Special abilities: Starts with a promotion that grants this Unit a +25% Offensive  Combat Strength boost when attacking. Starts with the March (this Unit will heal every turn, even if it performs an action, but receives a -15%  Combat Strength penalty when defending) promotion.	Siege Foundry, replaces the Forge. Special traits: Provides 3 Production. +50% Production towards Siege Units. All Siege Units trained in the City receive the Volley (+50%  Combat Strength vs. Fortified Units and Cities) promotion for free. When you construct a Unit in this City, gain Science equal to 20% of the Unit's Production cost. Nearby Copper provides +1 Production and +1 Gold, rather than +2 Gold. Common traits: Provides 1 Science. +2 Production from Mines worked by this City. Nearby Iron provides +1 Production and +1 Gold. Has 1 Engineer Specialist slot. Costs 1 Maintenance.
Persian	Darius I	No Starting Bias	Achaemenid Legacy Golden Ages last 50% longer, and 10% of your Gold income (after expenses) is converted into Golden Age Points every turn. During a Golden Age, your Units receive +1 Movement and a +15%  Combat Strength bonus.	Immortal, replaces the Spearman. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (13 vs. 11). Obsoletes with Gunpowder rather than Steel. Unique abilities: Starts with the Faster Healing (allows this Unit to heal an additional +10 HP per turn) promotion. Starts with the Armour Plating I (receives a +25% Defensive  Combat boost when defending) promotion.	Satrap's Court, replaces the Courthouse. Special traits: Provides 1 Gold and 1 Happiness. +1 Gold and +1 Golden Age Points for every 5 Citizens in this City. +1 Gold for each Scientist, Engineer, and Merchant Specialist in this City. Has 1 Merchant Specialist slot. Has no Maintenance cost. Can be built in any City, including non-Occupied ones. The cost to build a Satrap's Court increases by 5% for each City in your Civilization (down from 10% as is the case for the standard Courthouse). Common traits: Eliminates extra Unhappiness from an Occupied City (if this City is Occupied).
Polish	Casimir III	Plains and Grassland	Solidarity Gain a free Social Policy in the Classical Era, and every other Era after. Gain two additional free Tenets when you adopt an Ideology for the first time.	Winged Hussar, replaces the Lancer. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (40 vs. 35) and Movement points (5 vs. 4). Obsoletes at Combined Arms rather than Combustion. Special abilities: Starts with the Heavy Charge (forces defenders to retreat when this Unit inflicts more Damage than it receives, and if a defender cannot retreat it takes extra Damage) promotion. Starts with the Formation I promotion.	Ducal Stable, replaces the Stable. Special traits: +50% Production (up from +33%) and +15 XP for Mounted Melee Units produced in this City. Nearby Horses, Sheep, and Cattle provide +3 Production (up from +2) and +3 Gold. Provides 1 free Horse. Common traits: Provides 3 Production. Increases the Military Unit Supply Cap from Population in this City by 10%. Costs 2 Maintenance.
Polynesian	Kamehameha	Coastal	Wayfinding Your Units can always Embark and move over Oceans, and Embarked Units have +1 Sight. +2 Food from Fishing Boats and Atolls, and Melee Naval Units can construct Fishing Boats. No Unhappiness from Isolation.	Maori Warrior, replaces the Pikeman. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (21 vs. 17). Slightly cheaper to produce than the standard Pikeman which it replaces, costing 120 Production down from 135. Unlocks at Chivalry instead of Steel. Obsoletes at Rifling rather than Gunpowder. Special abilities: Starts with the Haka War Dance (-15% Combat Strength for adjacent enemy Units) promotion. Unlike the standard Pikeman which this Unit replaces, the Maori Warrior does not receive the Formation I Promotion. This bonus will be regained after Upgrading the Maori Warrior into a Tercio	Moai. Unique Improvement. Can only be built on Coastal Tiles. May only be built by Polynesia. +1 Culture and +1 Production. +1 Culture for each adjacent Moai. If within 3 tiles of a Moai, Polynesian Units gain +20%  Combat Strength. +1 Production at Engineering, +1 Culture at Astronomy, +1 Culture at Architecture, and +1 Gold at Flight. Unlocks at Construction.
Portuguese	Maria I	Coastal	Mare Clausum When a Trade Route Unit moves, receive +4 Science, Gold, and Great Admiral Points (for Cargo Ships) or Great General Points (for Caravans), scaling with Era.	Nau, replaces the Caravel. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (30 vs. 25). Obsoletes at Industrialization rather than Navigation. Special abilities: Starts with the unique Exotic Cargo promotion, which gives this ship the ability to sell Exotic Goods for Gold and XP when adjacent to City-State lands. The amount of Gold and XP gained is based on the distance from the Portuguese Capital, with the yields increasing the further away the City-State is. If possible, when a Nau sells its Exotic Cargo to a City-State, a Feitoria is automatically created in its territory. Each Nau can only perform the Exotic Cargo ability twice. This promotion is lost on Upgrade. Starts with an Extra Sight promotion. This promotion is lost on Upgrade. Starts with the Withdraw Before Melee promotion.	Feitoria. Unique Improvement. May only be built by Portugal. Can only be built on a Coastal Tile without a Resource, and not adjacent to another Feitoria. +3 Production and +3 Gold. Adjacent Fishing Boats provide +2 Production and nearby Coastal Tiles gain +1 Gold. Provides vision of its tile and all the other tiles around it within a radius of 2. Provides a +25%  Defense bonus to Units stationed on its tile. +2 Culture at Printing Press, +2 Gold at Astronomy, and +2 Production at Industrialization. If built in owned lands by a Worker, adjacent Coastal Water and Lake Tiles gain +1 Gold and nearby Fishing Boats gain +1 Production. If built by a Nau within the territory of a City-State, provides your Civilization 1 copy of each Luxury Resource type that City-State owns. These Luxury Resource copies cannot be traded. Trade Routes to City-States with a Feitoria produce additional Production and Food based on your Gold income from the Trade Route. Unlocks at Compass.
Roman	Augustus Caesar	No Starting Bias	The Glory of Rome When you conquer a City, the City retains all its Buildings and you immediately acquire additional territory around the City. +15% Production towards Buildings already present in your Capital.	Legion, replaces the Swordsman. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (18 vs. 17). Obsoletes at Gunpowder rather than Steel. Special abilities: Starts with the Pilum (deals 10 Damage to all adjacent enemy Units every turn you are fortified) promotion. This promotion is lost on Upgrade. Starts with the Cover II promotion. Can build Roads and Forts as if it were a standard Worker Unit.	Colosseum, replaces the Arena. Special traits: Provides 3 Culture (up from 1) and 3 Production. When one of your Units defeats an enemy Unit, gain +5 Golden Age Points in this City, scaling with Era; if the Unit was created by this City, also gain +10 Great General points (if land) or Great Admiral points (if sea), scaling with Era. All City connections produce +2% more Gold. Nearby Perfume provides +1 Gold. Common traits: Provides 2 Tourism. +2 Production from Barracks, Forge, and Armory Buildings in this City. Nearby Perfume provides +1 Culture, and Olives worked by this City grant +1 Food and +1 Gold. -1 Unhappiness from Boredom. Costs 1 Maintenance.
Russian	Catherine	No Starting Bias	Siberian Riches All Strategic Resources provide double their normal quantity. Border growth rate is 25% faster. Receive +20 Science when your Cities acquire a tile naturally, scaling with Era.	Cossack, replaces the Cavalry. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (35 vs. 33) and Ranged Combat Strength (44 vs. 41). Obsoletes at Mobile Tactics rather than Ballistics. Special abilities: Starts with a promotion that grants a 33% Offensive  Combat bonus when attacking damaged Units. Starts with the Withering Fire (this Unit has a 25% chance to force an enemy Unit to retreat after taking ranged Damage and if the target cannot retreat, it takes 50% more Damage than normal) promotion.	Ostrog, replaces the Arsenal. Special traits: Provides 3 Production. Increases the City's  Defense by 25 (up from 20) and the HP of the City by 200 (up from 150). Enemy Land Units must expend 1 extra Movement per tile if they move onto a tile worked by this City. Does not require a Castle in this City. Is available earlier, arriving at Metallurgy rather than Rifling. Is cheaper to produce and than the Arsenal which it replaces, costing 800 Production down from 1000. +1 Production and +1 Gold from Camps, Mines, Lumber Mills, Logging Camps, and Strategic Resources. Costs 5 Maintenance (down from 6). Common traits: Increases the City's Ranged Strike Range by 1, and allows Indirect Fire. Units garrisoned in this City receive +10 HP when healing. Foreign Spies cannot Steel Science from this City. Increases the Military Unit Supply Cap from Population in this City by 15%. Reduces the Empire Needs Modifier by 5% in this City.
Shoshone	Pocatello	Grassland	Great Expanse Founded Cities start with additional territory, and your Land Units receive a  Combat bonus when fighting within their own territory. All Recon Units can choose rewards from Ancient Ruins.	Comanche Rider, replaces the Cavalry. Special traits: Has more Combat Strength (34 vs 33) and Ranged Combat Strength (42 vs. 41). Obsoletes at Mobile Tactics rather than Ballistics. Special abilities: Starts with a promotion that grant this Unit an additional Movement point. Starts with a promotion that grants this Unit the ability to Pillage tiles without any Movement point cost. Starts with the Withdraw Before Melee promotion.	Encampment. Unique Improvement. Only the Shoshone may build it. Can only be built on Flat Terrain, and no two Encampments can be adjacent to one another. +2 Food, +1 Production, and +1 Culture. +15%  Defense to friendly Units stationed on them. Enemy Units will take 5 Damage if they end their turn on or next to an Encampment. +1 Culture and +1 Food at Gunpowder, +1 Production and +1 Science at Rifling. Unlocks at Military Theory.
Siamese	Ramkhamhaeng	Jungle and Forest	Father Governs Children Influence with City-States starts at 40. Yields from Friendly and Allied City-States increased by 75%. The  Strength of Allied City-State Capitals is increased by 25%. +10 XP to Units gifted from City-States.	Naresuan's Elephant, replaces the Knight. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (26 vs. 24). Has less Movement points (3 vs. 4). Obsoletes at Military Science rather than Metallurgy. Special abilities: Starts with a promotion that grants this Unit a +50%  Strength bonus against other mounted Units. This promotion is lost on Upgrade. Starts with the Feared Elephant (enemy Units receive -10%  Combat Strength when adjacent to any Unit with this promotion) promotion. This promotion is also lost on Upgrade.	Wat, replaces the Constabulary. Special traits: Provides 4 Culture, 1 Faith, and 2 Science. Reduces enemy Spy stealing rate by 50% (up from 25%). Prevents the destruction of Building construction by Spy Advanced Actions. +2 Science from Temples and Shrines in this City, and +1 Culture from Jungle and Forest Tiles worked by this City. Has 1 Scientist Specialist slot. Costs 2 Maintenance (down from 4). Common traits: Increases the City's  Defense by 5. -1 Unhappiness from / Distress.
Songhai	Askia	River and Avoid Tundra	River Warlord Triple Gold from pillaging Encampments and Cities. Land Units gain the War Canoe and Amphibious promotions, and ignore terrain costs when adjacent to Rivers. Rivers create City Connections.	Mandekalu Cavalry, replaces the Horseman. Special traits: Obsoletes at Metallurgy rather than Chivalry. Special abilities: Has no Combat penalty vs. Cities. Starts with the Raider promotion. Raider promotion: Flank attack bonus increased by 150%. Steal Gold equal to 50% of the Damage inflicted on a City, capping at the City's  Defense x 10. Is able to use enemy Roads.	Tabya, replaces the Stone Works. Special traits: Provides 1 Culture. +1 Production to all River Tiles worked by this City. +10% Production when constructing Buildings in this City. Nearby Salt provides +1 Production and +1 Gold (rather than +2 Gold). Common traits: Allows Production to be moved from this City along Trade Routes inside your Civilization. Nearby Marble and Jade provide +1 Production and +1 Gold, and Stone worked by this City provides +2 Production. Costs 1 Maintenance.
Spanish	Isabella	Coastal	Reconquista Only your Religion can spread to owned Cities or Allied City-States. Gaining or founding Cities generates Faith and Food, and converts them to your official Religion. May purchase Naval Units with Faith.	Conquistador, replaces the Knight. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (26 vs. 24). Obsoletes at Military Science rather than Metallurgy. Special abilities: Has no Combat penalty vs. Cities. Starts with two Extra Sight promotions. These promotions are lost on Upgrade. Starts with a promotion that allows this Unit to Embark and doubles its  Combat Strength while Embarked. Can found new Cities on a foreign continent that does not contain the Spanish Capital. Cities founded using the Conquistador start with 3 Citizens, claim additional territory, and automatically receive the same selection of prebuilt Buildings provided. *4	Mission, replaces the Castle. Special traits: Increases the City's Defense by 18 (up from 15) and HP by +125 (up from +100). Gain 3x the Faith and Gold output of this City, respectively, as an Instant Boost every time a Citizen is born in this City. Boosts the Religious Pressure and Resistance of this City by 15%. Costs less Production than the Castle which it replaces, requiring 275 Production down from 300. Does not require Walls in this City in order to be built. Can be purchased with Faith. Has no Maintenance cost. Common traits: Contains 1 Great Work of Art or Artifact slot. Increases the City's Ranged Strength by 100%. +1 Production form Quarries worked by this City. Reduces the Empire Needs Modifier by 5% in this City. Increases the Military Unit Supply Cap from Population in this City by 10%.
Swedish	Gustavus Adolphus	No Starting Bias	Lion of the North Land Melee Units receive +20%  Strength when attacking, and Siege Units have +1 Movement points. When a Great General is born, all of your Military Units are fully healed and receive +15 XP. The  Combat bonus provided by Great Generals is increased by 15%.	Carolean, replaces the Tercio. Special traits: Common traits: Has more  Combat Strength (29 vs. 25). Obsoletes at Replaceable Parts rather than Rifling. Special abilities: Starts with a promotion that grants this Unit a +15%  Combat Strength boost when stacked on the same tile as a Great General. Starts with the Grenadier (when this Unit advances after killing another Unit, all newly-adjacent enemy Units immediately take 10 Damage) promotion. Starts with the March (this Unit will heal every turn, even if it performs an action, but receives a -15%  Combat Strength penalty when defending) promotion.	Skola, replaces the Public School. Special traits: Provides +1 Science for every Citizen in this City (up from +1 Science for every 4 Citizens in this City), in addition to +1 Culture for every 3 Citizens in this City. Has 2 Scientist Specialist slots (up from 1). Costs 800 Production in order to be built (down from 1000). Costs 5 Maintenance (down from 6). Common traits: -1 Unhappiness from Illiteracy. Requires a University in this City.
Venetian	Enrico Dandolo	Coastal	Serenissima Cannot found/annex Cities. Trade Route cap doubled and all target restrictions are removed. Receives a free Merchant of Venice after researching Trade. Puppet Cities have -30% to their yield penalties, and you can spend Gold in them. All Puppet Cities gain Happiness like normal Cities.	Merchant of Venice, replaces the Great Merchant. Special traits: Has +2 Movement while Embarked. Special abilities: Can purchase City-States outright, bringing them under Venetian control as a Puppet City. Can also construct a Puppet City called a Colonia. A Colonia begins with 3 Population, 3 extra tiles, a Monument, and a Market. Is able to perform an improved Trade Mission that functions in a similar manner to the ability of the standard Great Merchant which it replaces. The Trade Missions performed by a Merchant of Venice receive +100% more Gold and +100% more City-State influence than a normal Trade Mission.	Piazza San Marco, replaces the National Wonder known as the National Monument. Special traits: Provides 2 Food, 2 Gold, 1 Science, and 2 Production. Increases the Military Unit Supply Cap by 5. Unlocks access to the Murano Glassworks, Arsenale di Venezia, and Rialto District Buildings once Guilds is researched, although only one of those can be built. +33% Great Person Rate in this City (up from +25%). Enemy Spies cannot perform Advanced Spy Actions in this City. Only buildable in the Capital. Requires a Palace in this City in order to be built (rather than a Monument). Available sooner than the Natural Monument which it replaces, arriving at Writing rather than Drama and Poetry. Common traits: Provides 1 Culture. Choose one: Murano Glassworks: Great Person Tile Improvements and Villages worked by all of your Cities gain 2 Food and 2 Tourism. Contains 2 Great Work of Art or Artifact slots. +5 Science if themed. Has 1 Artist Specialist slot. Rialto District: The cost of Gold purchases in all of your Cities is reduced by 10% (15% in your Capital). Provides 1 World Congress Delegate for every 100 Gold per turn produced (caps at 25% of all City-States ever alive. Incoming Trade Routes generate +3 Gold for this City and +3 Gold for the Trade Route owner. Has 1 Merchant specialist slot. Arsenale di Venezia: +15% Production and increases the City's  Defense by 6. All of your Naval Units receive the Venetian Craftsmanship promotion, which increases their  Combat Strength by 10% and Movement points by 1. Increases the Military Unit Supply Cap by 5 and inc. Has 1 Engineer specialist slot.
Zulu	Shaka	Plains and Avoid Jungle	Iklwa Melee and Gun Units cost 25% less Maintenance, and all Units require 25% less XP for promotions. Your military is 50% more effective at intimidating City-States, and you receive 25% more Yields from demanding Tribute.	Impi, replaces the Tercio. Special traits: Has more  Combat Strength (28 vs. 25). Obsoletes at Replaceable Parts rather than Rifling. Special abilities: Starts with the Spear Throw (+25%  Combat Strength vs. Gunpowder Units and, before engaging in melee, this Unit has an extra attack) promotion. This promotion is lost on Upgrade.	Ikanda, replaces the Barracks. Special traits: Provides 1 Culture. Grants the unique Buffalo Loins promotion to all melee and Gunpowder Units trained in this City. +2 to the Military Unit Supply Cap (up from +1). Arrives at Bronze Working rather than Military Theory. Buffalo Loins: +5%  Combat Strength. Flank attack bonus increased by 25%. +5%  Defense against Ranged Attacks. Leads to the unique Buffalo Chest promotion Buffalo Chest: Provides the same bonuses as the Buffalo Loins promotion, as the Ikanda alone grants newly produced Units enough XP to earn their first promotion. Leads to the unique Buffalo Horns promotion. Buffalo Horns: +1 Movement. Flank attack bonus increased by 25%. +5%  Defense against Ranged Attacks. Common traits: Provides 1 Science. -1 Unhappiness from / Distress. +15 XP for all newly produced Units. Costs 1 Maintenance.

4. The list of Buildings that Conquistadors come with: Council, Granary, Market, Monument, Barracks, Shrine, Watermill/ Well, Forge, Library, and Mission (Castle).